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Friday, February 26, 2010

John 4:44

αὐτὸς γὰρ Ἰησοῦς ἐμαρτύρησεν ὅτι προφήτης ἐν τῇ ἰδίᾳ πατρίδι τιμὴν οὐκ ἔχει.

Rough Word-by-word:
himself for Jesus he testified that [a] prophet in the one's own country honor not he has

Smooth Translation:
For Jesus himself testified that a prophet has not honor in his own country.

αὐτὸς pronoun nominative singular masculine "[he] himself" (used reflexively)

γὰρ post positive conjunction "for"

Ἰησοῦς proper noun nominative singular masculine "Jesus"

ἐμαρτύρησεν verb aorist active indicative 3rd singular from μαρτυρέω (I testify/I witness) "he testified"

ὅτι conjunction "that"

προφήτης noun nominative singular masculine "[a] prophet"

ἐν dative preposition "in"

τῇ definite article dative singular feminine "the"

ἰδίᾳ adjective dative singular feminine "one's own"

πατρίδι noun dative singular feminine "fatherland/country"

τιμὴν noun accusative singular feminine "honor/respect"

οὐκ adverb of negation "not"

ἔχει verb present active indicative 3rd singular from ἔχω (I have) "he has"

Thursday, February 25, 2010

John 4:43

Μετὰ δὲ τὰς δύο ἡμέρας ἐξῆλθεν ἐκεῖθεν εἰς τὴν Γαλιλαίαν·

Rough Word-by-word:
After and the two days he went out from there into the Galilee.

Smooth Translation:
And after the two days he went from there into Galilee.

Μετὰ preposition with accusative "after"

δὲ post positive conjunction "and/but"

τὰς definite article accusative plural feminine "the"

δύο numeral "two"

ἡμέρας noun accusative plural feminine "days"

ἐξῆλθεν verb aorist active indicative 3rd singular from ἐξέρχομαι (I go out/I come out) "he went out"

ἐκεῖθεν adverb "from there"

εἰς accusative preposition "into/unto"

τὴν definite article accusative singular feminine "the"

Γαλιλαίαν proper noun accusative singular feminine "Galilee"

Wednesday, February 24, 2010

John 4:42

τῇ τε γυναικὶ ἔλεγον ὅτι οὐκέτι διὰ τὴν σὴν λαλιὰν πιστεύομεν· αὐτοὶ γὰρ ἀκηκόαμεν, καὶ οἴδαμεν ὅτι οὗτός ἐστιν ἀληθῶς ὁ σωτὴρ τοῦ κόσμου.

Rough Word-by-word:
to the and woman they were saying that no longer because of your own words being said we believe, ourselves for we have heard, and we know that this [man] is truly the savior [of] the world.

Smooth Translation:
and they were saying to the woman, "We believe no longer because of your own words, for we ourselves have heard, and we [ourselves] know that this is truly the savior of the world."

Notes:
The world has changed for these believers. They are talking continually. The pronouns are emphatic. Note the perfects. They've heard, they've believed and now they know.
It is truly amazing how the grammar makes these things stand out. I can not help but be reminded of the opening of John's first letter.

τῇ definite article dative singular feminine "the"

τε post positive conjunction "and/but"

γυναικὶ noun dative singular feminine "woman"

ἔλεγον verb imperfect active indicative 3rd plural from λέγω (I say) "they were saying"

ὅτι conjunction "that"

οὐκέτι compound adverb "no longer"

διὰ preposition with accusative "because of/ on account of"

τὴν definite article accusative singular feminine "the"

σὴν emphatic pronoun noun accusative singular feminine "your own"

λαλιὰν noun accusative singular feminine "what is said"

πιστεύομεν verb present active indicative 1st plural from πιστεύω (I believe) "we believe"

αὐτοὶ pronoun nominative plural masculine intensifying use "ourselves"

γὰρ post positive conjunction "for"

ἀκηκόαμεν verb perfect active indicative 1st plural from ἀκούω (I hear) "we have heard"

καὶ conjunction "and"

οἴδαμεν verb perfect active indicative 1st plural from εἴδω (I know) "we know"

ὅτι conjunction "that"

οὗτός demonstrative pronoun nominative singular masculine "this [man]"

ἐστιν verb present indicative 3rd singular from εἰμί (I am) "he is"

ἀληθῶς adverb "truly"

definite article nominative singular masculine "the"

σωτὴρ noun nominative singular masculine "savior"

τοῦ definite article genitive singular neuter "the"

κόσμου noun genitive singular neuter "world"

Tuesday, February 23, 2010

John 4:41

καὶ πολλῷ πλείους ἐπίστευσαν διὰ τὸν λόγον αὐτοῦ,

Rough Word-by-word:
and many more they believed because of the word of him,

Smooth Translation:
and many more believed because of his word,

καὶ conjunction "and"

πολλῷ adjective dative singular masculine "many"

πλείους comparative adjective nominative plural masculine "more" ( note: can also be used as an adverb. Since it is a comparative with πολύς I would take it here to indicate more believers rather than adverbially indicating the degree of their belief being more.)

ἐπίστευσαν verb aorist active indicative 3rd plural from πιστεύω (I believe) "they believed"

διὰ preposition with accusative "because/ on account of"

τὸν definite article accusative singular masculine "the"

λόγον noun accusative singular masculine "word"

αὐτοῦ pronoun genitive singular masculine "of him"

Friday, February 19, 2010

John 4:40

ὡς οὖν ἦλθον πρὸς αὐτὸν οἱ Σαμαρῖται, ἠρώτων αὐτὸν μεῖναι παρ' αὐτοῖς· καὶ ἔμεινεν ἐκεῖ δύο ἡμέρας.

Rough Word-by-word:
as therefore they came toward him the Samaritans, they were asking him to remain with them, and he remained there two days.

Smooth Translation:
Therefore as the Samaritans came toward him, they asked him to remain with them, and he remained there two days.

ὡς adverb "as"

οὖν post positive conjunction "therefore"

ἦλθον verb aorist active indicative 3rd plural from ἔρχομαι (I come) "they came"

πρὸς preposition with accusative "to/toward"

αὐτὸν pronoun accusative singular masculine "him"

οἱ definite article nominative plural masculine "the"

Σαμαρῖται proper noun nominative plural masculine "Samaritans"

ἠρώτων verb imperfect active indicative 3rd plural from ἐρωτάω (I ask/I beseech) "they were beseeching"

αὐτὸν pronoun accusative singular masculine "him"

μεῖναι aorist active infinitive from μένω (I remain) "to remain"

παρ' preposition with dative "with/at the side of"

αὐτοῖς pronoun dative plural masculine "them"

καὶ conjunction "and"

ἔμεινεν verb aorist active indicative 3rd singular from μένω (I remain) "he remained"

ἐκεῖ adverb "there"

δύο numeral "two"

ἡμέρας noun accusative plural feminine "days"

Thursday, February 18, 2010

John 4:39

Ἐκ δὲ τῆς πόλεως ἐκείνης πολλοὶ ἐπίστευσαν εἰς αὐτὸν τῶν Σαμαριτῶν διὰ τὸν λόγον τῆς γυναικὸς μαρτυρούσης ὅτι εἶπέν μοι πάντα ἃ ἐποίησα.

Rough Word-by-word:
from and the city that many believed into him the Samaritans because of the word of the woman as she witnessed that he said to me all [things] which I did.

Smooth Translation:
And many of the Samaritans from that city believed in him because of the word of the woman as she witnessed, "He said to me everything I did."

Notes:
The string of genitives are what I believe is called a "genitive absolute," and function as a whole kind of like a nominative here.

The "word of the woman" is an interesting phrase. I wonder why John didn't just say "because of the woman's testimony." Is he conveying that it was actually the "living word" which was being brought by the Samaritan woman to the city? I don't want to make too big a deal of this, but I can't help wondering...

Ἐκ genitive preposition "from/out of"

δὲ post positive conjunction "and/but"

τῆς definite article genitive singular feminine "the"

πόλεως noun genitive singular feminine "city"

ἐκείνης demonstrative pronoun genitive singular feminine "that"

πολλοὶ adjective nominative plural masculine "many"

ἐπίστευσαν verb aorist active indicative 3rd plural from πιστεύω (I believe) "they believed"

εἰς accusative preposition "into/unto"

αὐτὸν pronoun accusative singular masculine "him"

τῶν definite article genitive plural masculine "the"

Σαμαριτῶν proper noun genitive plural masculine "Samaritans"

διὰ preposition with accusative "because of"

τὸν definite article accusative singular masculine "the"

λόγον noun accusative singular masculine "word"

τῆς definite article genitive singular feminine "the"

γυναικὸς noun genitive singular feminine "woman"

μαρτυρούσης present active participle genitive singular feminine from μαρτυρέω (I witness/I testify) "as she witnessed" (predicate position translated with temporal clause at the same time as the main verb)

ὅτι conjunction "that"

εἶπέν verb aorist active indicative 3rd singular from λέγω (I say) "he said"

μοι pronoun dative 1st singular "to me"

πάντα adjective accusative plural neuter "all [things]"

relative pronoun accusative plural neuter "which"

ἐποίησα verb aorist active indicative 1st singular from ποιέω (I do) "I did"

Wednesday, February 17, 2010

John 4:38

ἐγὼ ἀπέσταλκα ὑμᾶς θερίζειν ὃ οὐχ ὑμεῖς κεκοπιάκατε· ἄλλοι κεκοπιάκασιν, καὶ ὑμεῖς εἰς τὸν κόπον αὐτῶν εἰσεληλύθατε.

Rough Word-by-word:
I I have sent you all to harvest what not you all you have labored; others they have labored, and you all into the labor of them you all have entered.

Smooth Translation:
I myself have sent you all to harvest what you have not labored [for]. Others have labored, and you have entered into their labor.

ἐγὼ personal pronoun nominative 1st singular "I" (Note: Used for emphasis)

ἀπέσταλκα verb perfect active indicative 1st singular from ἀποστέλλω (I send) "I have sent" (Note: UBS uses ἀπέστειλα which is an aorist active indicative 1st singular, translated "I sent")

ὑμᾶς pronoun accusative 2nd plural "you all"

θερίζειν verb present active infinitive from θερίζω (I harvest) "to harvest"

relative pronoun accusative singular neuter "what"

οὐχ adverb of negation "not"

ὑμεῖς pronoun nominative 2nd plural "you all"

κεκοπιάκατε verb perfect active indicative 2nd plural from κοπιάω (I labor) "you all have labored"

ἄλλοι adjective nominative plural masculine "others"

κεκοπιάκασιν verb perfect active indicative 3rd plural from κοπιάω (I labor) "they have labored"

καὶ conjunction "and"

ὑμεῖς pronoun nominative 2nd plural "you all"

εἰς accusative preposition "into/unto"

τὸν definite article accusative singular masculine "the"

κόπον noun accusative singular masculine "work/labor"

αὐτῶν pronoun genitive plural masculine "of them"

εἰσεληλύθατε verb perfect active indicative 2nd plural from εἰσέρχομαι (I go in/I enter) "you all have entered"

Tuesday, February 16, 2010

John 4:37

ἐν γὰρ τούτῳ ὁ λόγος ἐστὶν ἀληθινός, ὅτι ἄλλος ἐστὶν ὁ σπείρων καὶ ἄλλος ὁ θερίζων.

Rough Word-by-word:
in for this the word is true, that another is the one sowing and another the one harvesting.

Smooth Translation:
for in this the word is true, that one is sowing and another reaping.

ἐν dative preposition "in"

γὰρ post positive conjunction "for"

τούτῳ demonstrative pronoun dative singular masculine "this"

definite article nominative singular masculine "the"

λόγος noun nominative singular masculine "word"

ἐστὶν verb present indicative 3rd singular from εἰμί (I am) "it [he] is"

ἀληθινός adjective nominative singular masculine "true"

ὅτι conjunction "that/because"

ἄλλος adjective nominative singular masculine "another"

ἐστὶν verb present indicative 3rd singular from εἰμί (I am) "it [he] is"

definite article nominative singular masculine "the"

σπείρων present active participle nominative singular masculine from σπείρω (I sow) "the one sowing"

καὶ adjective "and"

ἄλλος adjective nominative singular masculine "another"

definite article nominative singular masculine "the"

θερίζων present active participle nominative singular masculine from θερίζω (I harvest) "the one harvesting"

Friday, February 12, 2010

John 4:36

ἤδη ὁ θερίζων μισθὸν λαμβάνει καὶ συνάγει καρπὸν εἰς ζωὴν αἰώνιον, ἵνα καὶ ὁ σπείρων ὁμοῦ χαίρῃ καὶ ὁ θερίζων.

Rough Word-by-word:
[Already] the one harvesting [a] reward he receives and he gathers fruit unto life eternal, that and the one sowing the same he might rejoice and the one harvesting.

Smooth Translation:
Already the one harvesting receives a reward and gathers fruit unto eternal life, that the one sowing and the one harvesting might rejoice the same.

ἤδη adverb "already"

definite article nominative singular masculine "the"

θερίζων present active participle nominative singular masculine from θερίζω (I harvest) "one harvesting"

μισθὸν noun accusative singular masculine "wages/reward"

λαμβάνει verb present active indicative 3rd singular from λαμβάνω (I receive) "he receives"

καὶ conjunction "and"

συνάγει verb present active indicative 3rd singular from συνάγω (I lead together/I gather) "he gathers"

καρπὸν noun accusative singular masculine "fruit"

εἰς accusative preposition "into/unto"

ζωὴν noun accusative singular feminine "life"

αἰώνιον adjective accusative singular feminine "eternal"

ἵνα conjunction with subjunctive "that"

καὶ conjunction "and"

definite article nominative singular masculine "the"

σπείρων present active participle nominative singular masculine from σπείρω (I sow) "one sowing"

ὁμοῦ adverb "the same"

χαίρῃ verb present active subjunctive from χαίρω (I rejoice) "he might rejoice"

καὶ conjunction "and"

definite article nominative singular masculine "the"

θερίζων present active participle nominative singular masculine from θερίζω (I harvest) "one harvesting"

Tuesday, February 9, 2010

John 4:35

οὐχ ὑμεῖς λέγετε ὅτι ἔτι τετράμηνός ἐστιν καὶ ὁ θερισμὸς ἔρχεται; ἰδοὺ λέγω ὑμῖν, ἐπάρατε τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς ὑμῶν καὶ θεάσασθε τὰς χώρας, ὅτι λευκαί εἰσίν πρὸς θερισμόν. ἤδη

Rough Word-by-word:
[Do] not you all you all say that yet a period of 4 months she is and the harvest he comes? You look I say to you all, raise up the eyes of you and observe the fields, that white they are to harvest. already

Smooth Translation:
Do you not all say that there is a period of 4 months and the harvest comes? I say to all of you, "Look! Raise up your eyes and observe the fields, that they are already white for harvest. [Already...]

Notes:
Manuscript support for placement of the period before ἤδη seems to be mixed. Vaticanus and P66 support omitting the period and I personally favor that, but UBS supports putting the period in.

οὐχ adverb of negation "not"

ὑμεῖς pronoun nominative 2nd plural "you all"

λέγετε verb present active indicative 2nd plural from λέγω (I say) "you all say"

ὅτι conjunction "that"

ἔτι adverb "yet"

τετράμηνός noun nominative singular feminine "a period of 4 months"

ἐστιν verb present indicative 3rd singular from εἰμί (I am) "she [it] is"

καὶ conjunction "and"

definite article nominative singular masculine "the"

θερισμὸς noun nominative singular masculine "harvest"

ἔρχεται verb present passive indicative 3rd singular from ἔρχομαι (I come) "he [it] comes"

ἰδοὺ verb aorist middle imperative 2nd singular from ὁράω (I see) "look"

λέγω verb present active indicative 1st singular from λέγω (I say) "I say"

ὑμῖν pronoun dative 2nd plural "to you all"

ἐπάρατε verb aorist active imperative 2nd plural from ἐπαίρω (I raise up) "raise up"

τοὺς definite article accusative plural masculine "the"

ὀφθαλμοὺς noun accusative plural masculine "eyes"

ὑμῶν pronoun genitive 2nd plural "of you"

καὶ conjunction "and"

θεάσασθε verb aorist middle imperative 2nd plural from θεάομαι (I observe) "you all observe"

τὰς definite article accusative plural feminine "the"

χώρας noun accusative plural feminine "fields"

ὅτι conjunction "that"

λευκαί adjective nominative plural feminine "white"

εἰσίν verb present indicative 3rd plural from (I am) "they are"

πρὸς accusative preposition "to/toward"

θερισμόν noun accusative singular masculine "harvest"

ἤδη adverb "now/already"

Monday, February 8, 2010

John 4:34

λέγει αὐτοῖς ὁ Ἰησοῦς· ἐμὸν βρῶμά ἐστιν ἵνα ποιῶ τὸ θέλημα τοῦ πέμψαντός με καὶ τελειώσω αὐτοῦ τὸ ἔργον.

Rough Word-by-word:
he says to them the Jesus, "My food is that I might do the will the one who sent me and I might finish of him the work.

Smooth Translation:
Jesus said to them, "My food is that I might do the will of the one who sent me and might finish his work."

λέγει verb present active indicative 3rd singular from λέγω (I say) "he says"

αὐτοῖς pronoun dative plural "to them"

definite article nominative singular masculine "the"

Ἰησοῦς proper noun nominative singular masculine "Jesus"

ἐμὸν possessive adjective nominative singular neuter "my"

βρῶμά noun nominative singular neuter "food"

ἐστιν verb present indicative 3rd singular from εἰμί (I am) "it is"

ἵνα conjunction indicating subjunctive "that"

ποιῶ verb present active subjunctive 1st singular from ποιέω (I do) "I might do"

τὸ definite article accusative singular neuter "the"

θέλημα noun accusative singular neuter "will"

τοῦ definite article genitive singular masculine "the"

πέμψαντός aorist active participle genitive singular masculine from πέμπω (I send) "one who sent"

με pronoun accusative singular masculine "me"

καὶ conjunction "and"

τελειώσω verb aorist active subjunctive 1st singular from τελειόω (I finish/I complete) "I might finish"

αὐτοῦ pronoun genitive singular masculine "of him"

τὸ definite article accusative singular neuter "the"

ἔργον noun accusative singular neuter "work"

Friday, February 5, 2010

John 4:33

ἔλεγον οὖν οἱ μαθηταὶ πρὸς ἀλλήλους, μή τις ἤνεγκεν αὐτῷ φαγεῖν;

Rough Word-by-word:
They were saying therefore the disciples to one another, "not one he brought to him to eat?"

Smooth Translation:
Therefore the disciples were saying to one another, "No one brought him [something] to eat, [have they]?"

ἔλεγον verb imperfect active indicative 3rd plural from λέγω (I say) "they were saying"

οὖν post positive conjunction "therefore"

οἱ definite article nominative plural masculine "the"

μαθηταὶ noun nominative plural masculine "disciples"

πρὸς accusative preposition "to/toward"

ἀλλήλους pronoun accusative plural masculine "one another"

μή adverb of negation anticipating a negative response "not"

τις relative pronoun nominative singular masculine "[any] one"

ἤνεγκεν aorist active indicative 3rd singular from φέρω (I carry/I bring) "he carried/he brought"

αὐτῷ pronoun dative singular masculine "to him"

φαγεῖν aorist active infinitive from ἐσθίω (I eat) "to eat"

Thursday, February 4, 2010

John 4:32

ὁ δὲ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς· ἐγὼ βρῶσιν ἔχω φαγεῖν ἣν ὑμεῖς οὐκ οἴδατε.

Rough Word-by-word:
The but he said to them, "I food I have to eat which you all not you all know."

Smooth Translation:
But he said to them, "I myself have food to eat which you yourselves do not know."

definite article nominative singular masculine "the"

δὲ post positive conjunction "and/but"

εἶπεν verb aorist active indicative 3rd singular from λέγω (I say) "he said"

αὐτοῖς pronoun dative plural masculine "to them"

ἐγὼ personal pronoun nominative 1st singular "I"

βρῶσιν noun accusative singular feminine "food"

ἔχω verb present active indicative 1st singular from ἔχω (I have) "I have"

φαγεῖν verb aorist active infinitive from ἐσθίω (I eat) "to eat"

ἣν relative pronoun accusative singular feminine "which"

ὑμεῖς pronoun nominative 2nd plural "you all"

οὐκ adverb of negation "not"

οἴδατε verb perfect active indicative 2nd plural from εἴδω (I know) "you all know"

Tuesday, February 2, 2010

John 4:31

Ἐν τῷ μεταξὺ ἠρώτων αὐτὸν οἱ μαθηταὶ λέγοντες· ῥαββεί, φάγε.

Rough Word-by-word:
In the between they were beseeching him the disciples saying, "Rabbi, eat."

Smooth Translation:
Meanwhile the disciples were beseeching him saying, "Rabbi, eat."

Notes:
I struggled with the construction on this verse with the dative followed by an adverbial preposition and an imperfect verb. At first glance I thought it was some kind of genitive absolute with a participle. The Expositor's Greek New Testament barely commented on it. Rogers and Rogers about the same. Robinson suggests supplying [time] with the phrase "In the between [time]."

Ἐν dative preposition "in"

τῷ definite article dative singular masculine "the"

μεταξὺ preposition with genitive used adverbially "between/meanwhile"

ἠρώτων imperfect active indicative 3rd plural from ἐρωτάω (I ask/I beseech) "they were asking"

αὐτὸν pronoun accusative singular masculine "him"

οἱ definite article nominative plural masculine "the"

μαθηταὶ noun nominative plural masculine "disciples"

λέγοντες present passive participle nominative plural masculine from λέγω (I say) "saying"

ῥαββεί noun vocative singular masculine "Rabbi"

φάγε verb aorist active imperative 2nd singular from ἐσθίω (I eat) "you eat"

Monday, February 1, 2010

John 4:30

ἐξῆλθον ἐκ τῆς πόλεως, καὶ ἤρχοντο πρὸς αὐτόν.

Rough Word-by-word:
They came out from the city, and they were going toward him.

Smooth Translation:
They came out from the city, and were going to him.

Notes: Observe the tenses of ἔρχομαι. We could read too much into this, but it sure is interesting to note the action words. The simple movement away from the city results in an ongoing process of moving toward Jesus. I recall in my own life making a decision to find out about Jesus which resulted in a whirlwind of discovery.

ἐξῆλθον verb aorist active indicative 3rd plural from ἐξέρχομαι (I come out/I go out) "they came out"

ἐκ genitive preposition "from/out of"

τῆς definite article genitive singular feminine "the"

πόλεως noun genitive singular feminine "city"

καὶ conjunction "and"

ἤρχοντο verb imperfect middle indicative 3rd plural from ἔρχομαι (I come/ I go) "they were coming"

πρὸς accusative preposition "to/toward"

αὐτόν pronoun accusative singular masculine "him"