Romans 1:17

δικαιοσύνη γὰρ θεοῦ ἐν αὐτῷ ἀποκαλύπτεται ἐκ πίστεως εἰς πίστιν, καθὼς γέγραπται Ὁ δὲ δίκαιος ἐκ πίστεως ζήσεται.

Rough Word-by-word:
the righteousness for of God in it it is being revealed out of faith into faith, just as it is written "The but righteous man from faith he will live."

Smooth Translation:
For in it the righteousness of God is being revealed out of faith into faith, just as it is written, "The righteous by faith will live."

Notes:
There seems to be the sense of "agency" with the genitives and passive verbs so I'm using "by faith" in my smooth translation of the quote from Habakkuk. I kept "out of" because of the obvious contrast with "into" as Paul discusses the revealing of God's righteousness, but I think here also his point is that faith in the gospel is the agent or channel through which this takes place.

δικαιοσύνη noun nominative singular feminine "[the] righteousness

γὰρ post positive conjunction "for"

θεοῦ proper noun genitive singular masculine "[of] God"

ἐν dative preposition "in"

αὐτῷ pronoun dative singular neuter "it" (note: refers back to εὐαγγέλιον - "the gospel" in verse 16)

ἀποκαλύπτεται verb present passive indicative 3rd singular from ἀποκαλύπτω (I reveal) "is being revealed"

ἐκ genitive preposition "from, out of"

πίστεως noun genitive singular feminine "faith"

εἰς accusative preposition "into, unto"

πίστιν noun accusative singular feminine "faith"

καθὼς compound adverb "just as"

γέγραπται verb perfect passive indicative 3rd singular from γράφω (I write) "it is written"

Ὁ definite article nominative singular masculine "the"

δὲ post positive conjunction "and, but"

δίκαιος adjective nominative singular masculine "righteous [man]"

ἐκ genitive preposition "from, out of"

πίστεως noun genitive singular feminine "faith"

ζήσεται verb future middle indicative 3rd singular from ζάω (I live) "[he] will live"

Romans 6:2

μὴ γένοιτο· οἵτινες ἀπεθάνομεν τῇ ἁμαρτίᾳ, πῶς ἔτι ζήσομεν ἐν αὐτῇ;

Rough Word-by-word:
Let not it ever came to be. Anyone we died [to] the sin, how still we will live in [her] it?

Smooth Translation:
Let it never be! Any of us having died to sin, how will we still live in it?

μὴ adverb of negation (jussive use) "let not"

γένοιτο verb aorist middle optative 3rd singular from γίνομαι (I become) "it ever came to be"

οἵτινες pronoun nominative plural masculine "anyone"

ἀπεθάνομεν verb aorist active indicative 1st plural from ἀποθνήσκω (I die) "we died"

τῇ definite article dative singular feminine "[to] the"

ἁμαρτίᾳ, noun dative singular feminine "sin"

πῶς adverb "how"

ἔτι adverb "yet, still"

ζήσομεν verb future active indicative 1st plural from ζάω (I live) "we will live"

ἐν dative preposition "in"

αὐτῇ pronoun dative singular feminine "her"

Romans 6:1

Τί οὖν ἐροῦμεν; ἐπιμένωμεν τῇ ἁμαρτίᾳ, ἵνα ἡ χάρις πλεονάσῃ;

Rough Word-by-word:
What therefore will we say? Should we remain on the sin, that the grace she might abound?

Smooth Translation:
Therefore what will we say? Should we continue to sin, that grace might abound?

Τί interrogative pronoun accusative singular neuter "what"

οὖν post positive conjunction "therefore"

ἐροῦμεν verb future active indicative 1st plural from λέγω (I say) "will we say"

ἐπιμένωμεν verb present active subjunctive 1st plural from ἐπιμένω (I remain on, I continue) "should we remain on, should we continue"

τῇ definite article dative singular feminine "the"

ἁμαρτίᾳ noun dative singular feminine "sin"

ἵνα conjunction "that"

ἡ definite article nominative singular feminine "the"

χάρις noun nominative singular feminine "grace"

πλεονάσῃ verb aorist active subjunctive 3rd singular from πλεονάζω (I increase, I abound) "[she] it might abound"

Philippians 4:13

πάντα ἰσχύω ἐν τῷ ἐνδυναμοῦντί με.

Rough Word-by word:
All things I can do in the one [him] who empowers me.

Smooth Translation:
I can do all things in him who empowers me.

πάντα adjective accusative plural neuter "all (things)"

ἰσχύω verb present active indicative 1st singular from ἰσχύω (I can do, I am strong) "I can do"

ἐν dative preposition "in"

τῷ definite article dative singular masculine "the"

ἐνδυναμοῦντί verb present active participle dative singular masculine from ἐνδυναμόω (I strengthen, I empower) "the one [him] who empowers"

με pronoun accusative 1st singular "me"

Romans 8:31

Τί οὖν ἐροῦμεν πρὸς ταῦτα; εἰ ὁ θεὸς ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν, τίς καθ’ ἡμῶν;

Rough Word-by-word:
What therefore will we say to these things? If the God for the sake of us [is], who against us [is]?

Smooth Translation:
Therefore, what will we say to these things? If God is for the sake of us, who is against us?

Notes:
The prepositional phrases are in the predicate position, so I am supplying the verb.

Τί interrogative pronoun accusative singular neuter "what"

οὖν post positive conjunction "therefore"

ἐροῦμεν verb future active indicative 1st plural from λέγω (I say) "will we say"

πρὸς accusative preposition "to, toward"

ταῦτα demonstrative pronoun accusative plural neuter "these things"

εἰ conditional conjunction "if"

ὁ definite article nominative singular masculine "the"

θεὸς proper noun nominative singular masculine "God"

ὑπὲρ preposition with genitive "for the sake of"

ἡμῶν pronoun genitive plural masculine "us"

τίς interrogative pronoun nominative singular masculine "who"

καθ’ preposition with genitive "against"

ἡμῶν pronoun genitive singular plural "us"

A shift in focus

I'm going to shift from my translating in John's gospel. It has been a worthwhile endeavor, but I want to try to look at some familiar texts from a Greek grammatical perspective.

Romans 8:28

οἴδαμεν δὲ ὅτι τοῖς ἀγαπῶσι τὸν θεὸν πάντα συνεργεῖ [ὁ θεὸς] εἰς ἀγαθόν, τοῖς κατὰ πρόθεσιν κλητοῖς οὖσιν.

Rough Word-by word:
we know and that to the ones who love the God all (things) they work together [the God] unto good, to the according to purpose called being.

Smooth Translation:
and we know that to the ones who love God everything is working together unto good, to the ones being called according to purpose.

Notes:
Support for the addition of [ὁ θεὸς] seems split and I don't see how we can take πάντα as a nominative if we include it. While it is true that ultimately God is the one doing the working, it seems that the thought here is that "all things" are working together.

The Wescott Hort manuscript is the one including this edition. The UBS footnotes it with support from p46, A, B, 81 copsa, (eth) and Origen gr2/5 .

οἴδαμεν verb perfect active indicative 1st plural from εἴδω (I know) "we know"

δὲ post positive conjunction "and"

ὅτι conjunction "that"

τοῖς definite article dative plural masculine "the"

ἀγαπῶσι verb present active participle dative plural masculine from ἀγαπάω (I love) "ones who love"

τὸν definite article accusative singular masculine "the"

θεὸν proper noun accusative singular masculine "God"

πάντα adjective nominative plural neuter "all (things)"

συνεργεῖ verb present active indicative 3rd singular from συνεργέω (I work together, I work with) "they (it) work together, they work with" (note: plural neuter nouns can have a singular verb)

[ὁ definite article nominative singular masculine "the"

θεὸς] proper noun nominative singular masculine "God"

εἰς accusative preposition "into, unto"

ἀγαθόν adjective accusative singular neuter "good"

τοῖς definite article dative plural masculine "the"

κατὰ accusative preposition "according to"

πρόθεσιν noun accusative singular feminine "purpose"

κλητοῖς adjective dative plural masculine "called"

οὖσιν verb present active participle dative plural masculine from εἰμί (I am) "being"