John 1:24

καὶ ἀπεσταλμένοι ἦσαν ἐκ τῶν Φαρισαίων

καὶ conjunction "and"

ἀπεσταλμένοι participle perfect middle nominative masculine plural from ἀποστέλλω (I send) "having been sent" (note: I'm not recognizing this form, but going from parsing given by others. I see the "men in the middle," but would expect reduplication with the perfect. I am wondering if some contraction has taken place that I am not seeing. Another possibility is that this parsing is just wrong. Time to pull out the books...)

(additional note: I found the complete paradigm here and notice the change in omicron to epsilon in the prefix as well as the change from omicron to alpha in the stem for the perfect forms)

ἦσαν verb present indicative 3rd plural from εἰμί (I am) "they were"

ἐκ prepostion genitive "from/out of"

τῶν definite article genitive masculine plural "the"

Φαρισαίων proper noun genitive masculine plural "Pharisees"

Rough Word-by-word:
And having been sent they were from/out of the Pharisees

Smooth Translation:
And they had been sent from the Pharisees.

John 1:23

ἔφη· ἐγὼ φωνὴ βοῶντος ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ· εὐθύνατε τὴν ὁδὸν κυρίου, καθὼς εἶπεν Ἡσαΐας ὁ προφήτης.

ἔφη verb imperfect active indicative 3rd singular from φημί (I say) "He said"

ἐγὼ pronoun 1st person singular "I"

φωνὴ noun nominative feminine singular "voice"

βοῶντος participle present active genitive masculine singular from βοάω (I cry out) "of one crying out"

ἐν preposition dative "in"

τῇ definite article dative feminine singular "the"

ἐρήμῳ noun dative feminine singular "wilderness/desert"

εὐθύνατε verb aorist active imperative 2nd plural from εὐθύνω (I make straight) "you all make straight"

τὴν definite article accusative feminine singular "the"

ὁδὸν noun accusative feminine singular "way"

κυρίου noun genitive masculine singular "of the lord"

καθὼς compound adverb "also as/even as"

εἶπεν verb aorist active indicative 3rd singular from εἶπον (I say) "he said"

Ἡσαΐας proper noun nominative masculine singular "Isaiah" (note: appositive)

ὁ definite article nominative masculine singular "the"

προφήτης noun nominative masculine singular "prophet"

Rough Word-by-word:
He said I the voice of one crying out in the wilderness you all make straight the way of the Lord even as he said Isaiah the prophet

Smooth Translation:
He said, "I am the voice of one crying out in the wilderness, 'Make straight the way of the Lord!' as the prophet Isaiah said."

John 1:22

εἶπαν οὖν αὐτῷ· τίς εἶ; ἵνα ἀπόκρισιν δῶμεν τοῖς πέμψασιν ἡμᾶς· τί λέγεις περὶ σεαυτοῦ;

εἶπαν verb aorist active indicative 3rd plural from εἶπον (I say) "they said"

οὖν conjunction "then"

αὐτῷ pronoun dative masculine singular "to him"

τίς pronoun "what/who"

εἶ verb present indicative 2nd singular from εἰμί (I am) "you are" / "are you?"

ἵνα conjunction subjunctive "that"

ἀπόκρισιν noun accusative feminine singular "answer"

δῶμεν verb aorist active subjunctive 1st plural from δίδωμι (I give) "we might give"

τοῖς definite article dative masculine plural "to the"

πέμψασιν aorist active participle dative masculine plural from πέμπω (I send) "the ones sending"

ἡμᾶς pronoun accusative 1st plural "us"

τί pronoun neuter singular "what"

λέγεις verb present active indicative 2nd singular from λέγω (I say) "you say"

περὶ preposition with genitive "concerning"

σεαυτοῦ pronoun genitive masculine singular "yourself"

Rough Word-by-word:
They said then to him who you are that answer we might give to the ones sending us what you say concerning yourself

Smooth Translation:
They said to him then, "Who are you? That we might give an answer to the ones who sent us, what do you say concerning yourself?"

John 1:21

καὶ ἠρώτησαν αὐτόν· τί οὖν; Ἡλείας εἶ; λέγει· οὐκ εἰμί. ὁ προφήτης εἶ σύ; καὶ ἀπεκρίθη· οὔ.

καὶ conjunction "and"

ἠρώτησαν verb aorist active indicative 3rd plural from ἐρωτάω (I ask) "they asked"

αὐτόν pronoun accusative masculine singular "him"

τί prounoun nominative neuter singular "what"

οὖν conjunction "then"

Ἡλείας proper noun "Elijah"

εἶ verb present indicative 2nd singular from εἰμί (I am) "you are"

λέγει verb present active indicative 3rd singular from λέγω (I say) "he said"

οὐκ negative particle "not"

εἰμί verb present indicative 1st singular from εἰμί (I am) "I am"

ὁ definite article nominative masculine singular "the"

προφήτης noun nominative masculine singular "prophet"

εἶ verb present indicative 2nd singular from εἰμί (I am) "you are"

σύ pronoun 2nd singular nominative "you"

καὶ conjunction "and"

ἀπεκρίθη verb aorist middle deponent 3rd singular from αποκρίνομαι (I answer) "he answered" (note: passive in form, but active in meaning so it is aorist middle deponent, not aorist passive.)

οὔ negative particle "no"

Rough Word-by-word:
And they asked him what then Elijah are you? he says not I am. the prophet are you? and he answered no.

Smooth Translation:
And they asked him, "What then, are you Elijah?" He said "I am not." "Are you the prophet?" And he answered, "No."

John 1:20

καὶ ὡμολόγησεν καὶ οὐκ ἠρνήσατο, καὶ ὡμολόγησεν ὅτι ἐγὼ οὐκ εἰμὶ ὁ Χριστός.

καὶ conjunction "and"

ὡμολόγησεν verb aorist active indicative 3rd singular from ὁμολογέω (I confess) "he confessed"

καὶ conjunction "and"

οὐκ negative particle "not"

ἠρνήσατο verb aorist active indicative 3rd singular from ἀρνέομαι (I deny) "he denied"

καὶ conjunction "and"

ὡμολόγησεν verb aorist active indicative 3rd singular from ὁμολογέω (I confess) "he confessed"

ὅτι conjunction "that"

ἐγὼ personal pronoun 1st person singular "I" (for emphasis)

οὐκ negative particle "not"

εἰμὶ verb present indicative 1st singular from εἰμὶ (I am) "I am"

ὁ definite article nominative masculine singular "the"

Χριστός noun nominative masculine singular "Christ"

Rough Word-by-word:
and he confessed and not he denied and he confessed that I not I am the Christ

Smooth Translation:
And he confessed and he did not deny. He confessed that, "I myself am not the Christ."

John 1:19

Καὶ αὕτη ἐστὶν ἡ μαρτυρία τοῦ Ἰωάννου, ὅτε ἀπέστειλαν οἱ Ἰουδαῖοι ἐξ Ἱεροσολύμων ἱερεῖς καὶ Λευείτας ἵνα ἐρωτήσωσιν αὐτόν· σὺ τίς εἶ;

Καὶ conjunction "and"

αὕτη demonstrative pronoun nominative feminine singular "this"

ἐστὶν verb present indicative 3rd plural from εἰμί (I am) "she is" (note: the feminine here and on the pronoun because the antecedent is μαρτυρία which is feminine. The English translation will not use the feminine)

ἡ definite article nominative feminine singular "the"

μαρτυρία noun nominative feminine singular "testimony"

τοῦ definite article genitive masculine singular "the"

Ἰωάννου proper noun genitive masculine singular "of John"

ὅτε adverb "when"

ἀπέστειλαν verb aorist active indicative 3rd plural from ἀποστέλλω (I send) "they sent"

οἱ definite article nominative masculine plural "the"

Ἰουδαῖοι proper noun nominative masculine plural "Jews"

ἐξ preposition genitive "from/out of"

Ἱεροσολύμων proper noun genitive plural "Jerusalem" (hmmm...why is this plural?)

ἱερεῖς noun accusative masculine plural "priests"

καὶ conjunction "and"

Λευείτας noun accsative masculine plural "Levites"

ἵνα conjunction subjunctive "that"

ἐρωτήσωσιν verb subjunctive active indicative 3rd plural from ἐρωτάω (I ask) "they might ask"

αὐτόν pronoun accusative masculine singular "him"

σὺ pronoun nominative 2nd person singular (predicate nominative) "you"

τίς pronoun nominative masculine singular "who"

εἶ verb present indicative 2nd singular from εἰμί (I am) "you are"

Rough Word-by-word:
And this she is the testimony the of John when they sent the Jews from/out of Jerusalem priests and Levites that they might ask him you who are

Smooth Translation:
And this is the testimony of John when the Jews sent priests and Levites from Jerusalem that they might ask him, "Who are you?"

John 1:18

θεὸν οὐδεὶς ἑώρακεν πώποτε· ὁ μονογενὴς υἱὸς ὁ ὢν εἰς τὸν κόλπον τοῦ πατρός, ἐκεῖνος ἐξηγήσατο.

θεὸν noun accusative masculine singular "God"

οὐδεὶς adjective nominative masculine singular "no one"

ἑώρακεν verb perfect active indicative 3rd singular from ὁράω (I see) "he has seen"

πώποτε· adverb "at any time"

ὁ definite article nominative masculine singular "the"

μονογενὴς adjective nominative masculine singular "only begotten/only born"

υἱὸς noun nominative masculine singular "son" (note: There is major support for Θεός here in place of υἱὸς. The UBS apparatus shows less support for υἱὸς in fact. There certainly are theological implications here.)

ὁ definite article nominative masculine singular "the"

ὢν present active participle nominative singular masculine from εἰμί (I am) "the one being"

εἰς preposition with accusative "in"

τὸν definite article accusative masculine singular "the"

κόλπον noun accusative masculine singular "bosom"

τοῦ definite article genitive masculine singular "the"

πατρός noun genitive masculine singular "father"

ἐκεῖνος pronoun "he"

ἐξηγήσατο verb aorist middle deponent 3rd singular from ἐξηγέομαι ( I make known) "he has made known" (He has exegeted)

Rough Word-by-word:
God no one has seen at any time the only begotten son the the one being in the bosom the of Father this one/he he has made known

Smooth Translation:
No one at any time has seen God. The only begotten son (or God) being in the bosom of the Father has made Him known.

John 1:17

ὅτι ὁ νόμος διὰ Μωϋσέως ἐδόθη, ἡ χάρις καὶ ἡ ἀλήθεια διὰ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ ἐγένετο.

ὅτι conjunction "because"

ὁ definite article nominative masculine singular "the"

νόμος noun nominative masculine singular "law"

διὰ preposition with genitive "through"

Μωϋσέως proper noun "Moses"

ἐδόθη verb aorist passive indicative 3rd singular from δίδωμι "it was given"

ἡ definite article nominative feminine singular "the"

χάρις noun nominative feminine singular "grace"

καὶ conjunction "and"

ἡ definite article nominative feminine singular "the"

ἀλήθεια noun nominative feminine singuar "truth"

διὰ preposition with genitive "through"

Ἰησοῦ proper noun genitive masculine singular "Jesus"

Χριστοῦ noun genitive masculine singular "Christ"

ἐγένετο verb aorist middle deponent from γίνομαι "came to be"

Rough Translation:

because the law through Moses it was given the grace and the truth through Jesus Christ came to be

Smooth Translation:

Because the law was given through Moses, grace and truth came to be through Jesus Christ.

John 1:16

ὅτι ἐκ τοῦ πληρώματος αὐτοῦ ἡμεῖς πάντες ἐλάβομεν, καὶ χάριν ἀντὶ χάριτος·

ὅτι conjunction "because/that" (note: word choice here might be significant. I need to do some research on the use of this conjunction. - Rod Decker has some interesting info here on the uses of ὅτι: http://ntresources.com/blog/?p=383) (William Rainey Harper translates this as "because," listing it as a "causal conjunction" in his An Introductory New Testament Greek Method. This text, by the way, is available on Google Books and has much good info on the greek of the gospel of John.)

ἐκ preposition with genitive "out of/from"

τοῦ definite article genitive neuter singular "the"

πληρώματος noun genitive neuter singular "fullness"

αὐτοῦ personal pronoun genitive masculine singular "of him"

ἡμεῖς personal pronoun nominative masculine 1st plural "we"

πάντες adjective nominative masculine plural "all"

ἐλάβομεν verb aorist active indicative 1st person plural from λαμβάνω (I take/receive) "we have received"

καὶ conjunction "and/also"

χάριν noun accusative feminine singular "grace"

ἀντὶ preposition "in place of"

χάριτος noun genitive feminine singular "grace"

Rough Translation:

because/that out of the fullness of him we all we have received and/also grace in place of grace

Smooth Translation:

That out of the fullness of Him we all have received also grace in place of grace.

John 1:15

Ἰωάννης μαρτυρεῖ περὶ αὐτοῦ καὶ κέκραγεν λέγων· οὗτος ἦν ὃν εἶπον· ὁ ὀπίσω μου ἐρχόμενος ἔμπροσθέν μου γέγονεν, ὅτι πρῶτός μου ἦν.

Ἰωάννης proper noun nominative masculine singular "John"

μαρτυρεῖ verb present active indicative 3rd singular from μαρτυρέω (I testify/I bear witness) "he testifies"

περὶ preposition with genitive "concerning"

αὐτοῦ pronoun genitive masculine singular "him"

καὶ conjunction "and"

κέκραγεν verb perfect active indicative 3rd singular from κράζω (I cry out) "he cried out"

λέγων present active participle nominative masculine singular from λέγω (I say) "saying"

οὗτος near demonstrative pronoun nominative masculine singular "this one"

ἦν verb imperfect indicative 3rd singular from εἰμί (I am) "he was"

ὃν relative pronoun accusative masculine singular "he who/ he that"

εἶπον verb aorist active indicative 1st singular from εἶπον (I said) "I said"

ὁ definite article nominative masculine singular "the"

ὀπίσω adverb "behind"

μου personal pronoun genitive masculine singular "of me"

ἐρχόμενος verb present middle deponent participle nominative masculine singular from ἔρχομαι (I am coming) "coming"

ἔμπροσθέν preposition "before"

μου personal pronoun genitive masculine singular "of me"

γέγονεν verb perfect active indicative 3rd singular from γίνομαι (I become) "he became/he came to be"

ὅτι conjunction "because"

πρῶτός adjective nominative masculine singular "before"

μου personal pronoun genitive masculine singular "of me"

ἦν verb imperfect indicative 3rd singular from εἰμί (I am) "he was"

Rough Translation:

John he testified concerning Him and cried out saying, "this one was who I said 'The one behind me coming before me came to be' because before of me He was."

Smooth Translation:

John testified concerning Him and cried out saying, "This is the one of whom I said, 'The one coming behind me came to be before me because preceeding me, He was.'"

John 1:14

καὶ ὁ λόγος σὰρξ ἐγένετο καὶ ἐσκήνωσεν ἐν ἡμῖν, καὶ ἐθεασάμεθα τὴν δόξαν αὐτοῦ, δόξαν ὡς μονογενοῦς παρὰ πατρός, πλήρης χάριτος καὶ ἀληθείας.

καὶ conjunction "And"

ὁ definite article nominative masculine singular "the"

λόγος noun nominative masculine singular "word"

σὰρξ noun nominative feminine singular "flesh"

ἐγένετο verb aorist middle deponent 3rd singular from γίνομαι ("I become") "He became"

καὶ conjunction "and"

ἐσκήνωσεν verb aorist active indicative 3rd singular from σκηνόω ("I pitch a tent") "He pitched His tent"

ἐν preposition (used with dative case) "by/with/among"

ἡμῖν pronoun dative 1st plural "us" (note: I always remember Jim's definition for the indirect object - "it receives the benefit of the action." How marvelous that the benefit of Christ's incarnation is for us.)

καὶ conjunction "and"

ἐθεασάμεθα verb aorist middle deponent 1st plural from θεάομαι ("I see or look at intently/I behold") "we have beheld"

τὴν definite article accusative feminine singular "the"

δόξαν noun accusative feminine singular "glory"

αὐτοῦ pronoun genitive masculine singular "of Him"

δόξαν noun accusative feminine singular "glory"

ὡς adverb "as"

μονογενοῦς adjective genitive singular masculine from μονογενής ("only begotten") "the only begotten" (note: the substantive use of the adjective here)

παρὰ preposition with the genitive "beside and proceeding from/from beside"

πατρός noun genitive masculine singular "Father" (note: this is the genitive singular form of πατήρ)

πλήρης adjective nominative singular feminine "full" (note: the form for masculine is the same. I'm thinking it is modifying the following feminine nouns. I am open to input here, as I notice that greekbiblestudy.org parses it as masculine.)

χάριτος noun genitive feminine singular "of grace" (note again: this is the form of the genitive singular for χάρις)

καὶ conjunction "and"

ἀληθείας noun genitive feminine singular "of truth"

Rough Translation:

And the Word flesh came to be and pitched His tent (with/in/by/among) us and (we have looked at/we have beheld) the glory of Him, glory as the only begotten of from beside the Father full of grace and truth.

Smooth Translation:

And the Word became flesh and pitched His tent among us and we have looked at His glory, glory as the only begotten from the Father, full of grace and truth.

John 1:13

οἳ οὐκ ἐξ αἱμάτων οὐδὲ ἐκ θελήματος σαρκὸς οὐδὲ ἐκ θελήματος ἀνδρὸς ἀλλ' ἐκ θεοῦ ἐγεννήθησαν.


οἳ pronoun nominative masculine plural "who"

οὐκ negative particle "not"

ἐξ preposition dative plural "out of"

αἱμάτων noun genitive plural "bloods"

οὐδὲ conjunction "and not"

ἐκ preposition dative singular "out of"

θελήματος noun genitive neuter singular "the will of"

σαρκὸς noun genitive feminine singular "flesh"

οὐδὲ conjunction "and not"

ἐκ preposition "out of"

θελήματος noun genitive neuter singular "the will of"

ἀνδρὸς noun genitive masculine singular "a man"

ἀλλ' strong adversitive conjunction "but"

ἐκ preposition "out of"

θεοῦ noun genitive masculine singular "God"

ἐγεννήθησαν verb aorist passive 3rd plural "they were born"

Rough Translation:
who not out of bloods and not out of the will of flesh and not out of the will of a man but out of God they were born.

Smooth Translation:
Who were born not out of blood, nor out of the will of the flesh, nor the will of a man, but out of God.