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Thursday, November 4, 2010

John 6:39

τοῦτο δέ ἐστιν τὸ θέλημα τοῦ πέμψαντός με, ἵνα πᾶν ὃ δέδωκέν μοι μὴ ἀπολέσω ἐξ αὐτοῦ, ἀλλὰ ἀναστήσω αὐτὸ ἐν τῇ ἐσχάτῃ ἡμέρᾳ.

Rough Word-by-word:
this and is the will of the him who sent me, that all which he has given to me not I might lose from it, but I might raise up it in the last day.

Smooth Translation:
And this is the will of him who sent me, that I might not lose from all which he has given to me, but I might raise it up in the last day.

τοῦτο demonstrative pronoun nominative singular neuter "this"

δέ post positive conjunction "and"

ἐστιν verb present indicative 3rd singular from εἰμί (I am) "it is"

τὸ definite article nominative singular neuter "the"

θέλημα noun nominative singular neuter "will"

τοῦ definite article genitive singular masculine "[of] the"

πέμψαντός aorist active participle genitive singular masculine from πέμπω (I send) "him who sent"

με pronoun accusative 1st singular "me"

ἵνα conjunction with subjunctive "that"

πᾶν adjective nominative singular neuter "all"

relative pronoun nominative singular neuter "which" ( I am surprised to see the neuter, but Jesus will later tell the disciples, "All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to me...," just before the Great Commission. I've just always thought of this verse as referring to the people who are Christ's. Certainly they are included in this neuter, but all creation is included as well.)

δέδωκέν verb perfect active indicative 3rd singular from δίδωμι (I give) "he has given"

μοι pronoun dative 1st singular "to me"

μὴ adverb of negation "not"

ἀπολέσω verb aorist active subjunctive 1st singular from ἀπόλλυμι (I lose from) "I might lose from "

ἐξ genitive preposition "from, out of"

αὐτοῦ pronoun genitive singular masculine "of it" (note: or "of him" I am wondering if the ξ in the preposition indicates the elision of a rough breathing which would seem to point back to either the relative pronoun or the demonstrative which started the verse. These are deep waters. May the Lord grant us grace and wisdom as we tread herein.)

ἀλλὰ strong adversative conjunction "but"

ἀναστήσω verb aorist active subjunctive 1st singular from ἀνίστημι (I raise up) "I might raise up" (note: perhaps a future active indicative "I will raise up") (I am looking at the elongated variable vowel and considering it a subjunctive, and it seems to complete the thought raised by the ἵνα.
I should note that most translations seem to take this as a future. Only Rogers and Rogers indicate aorist subjunctive - Of the commentators I checked.)

αὐτὸ pronoun accusative singular neuter "it"

ἐν dative preposition "in"

τῇ definite article dative singular feminine "the"

ἐσχάτῃ adjective dative singular feminine "last"

ἡμέρᾳ noun dative singular feminine "day"

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